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Tackling the HIV and AIDS epidemic through understanding it In a number of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, widespread HIV infection has already translated into full-blown AIDS epidemics. This study is an important step towards understanding the complex threats to society that HIV/AIDS poses, focusing on Malawi as a representative case. It addresses the short and long term impact of HIV/AIDS by bringing together and analysing findings from qualitative and quantitative studies on the spread and impact of the epidemic. Some key conclusions of the study are: HIV and AIDS A novel approach to evaluating capacity building 'Most Significant Change' (MSC) is a story-based, qualitative and participatory approach to monitoring and evaluation. This case study of a Malawian capacity building support provider, CABUNGO, examines the usefulness and draw backs of MSC evaluation methods. Key advantages of using MSC to evaluate capacity building include its ability to: capture and consolidate the different perspectives of stakeholders aid understanding and conceptualising complex organisational change processes enhance What makes people participate in the forest comanagement (FCM) programme in Malawi? Using data from Chimaliro and Liwonde forest reserves in Malawi, this paper investigates how forest dependence influences households' decision to participate in forest co-management programme. The key question of this paper is: What makes people participate in the forest comanagement (FCM) programme in Malawi? In particular, how does forest dependence (share of forest income) affect households participation decisions? The authors find that where forests primarily have a gap filling or safety net Assessing the effectiveness and impacts of direct welfare transfers in Malawi This briefing paper documents the lessons learnt from the Dedza Safety Nets Pilot Project (DSNPP) in Malawi. The DSNPP compared the impact of all three DWT systems, i.e. cash, voucher and in-kind transfers on chronic poverty and vulnerability within a non- emergency context. The project aimed to compare the impact of all three DWT systems, i.e. cash, voucher and in-kind transfers on chronic poverty and vulnerability within a non-emergency context. The specific aim of the project was to enable lessons to FAO and relief NGOs should focus greater attention on local seed markets This report is the outcome of a FAO workshop on 'Effective and Sustainable Seed Relief Activities', convened 2628 May 2003. The aim of the workshop was to improve the effectiveness of seed relief interventions and the contribution they can make to sustainable improvements in seed, food and livelihood security. The report underlines the importance of farmer choice about crops and varieties for improving the effectiveness of seed relief efforts by the UN and other agencies. The report includes: a How can Southern African civil society contribute to debates around liberalisation and food security? This policy brief encourages greater civil society involvement in debates around national grain (particularly maize) policies and regional food insecurity in Southern African Development Community countries. The brief argues that local evidence on the impact of national maize price and market policies can help to inform this complex issue and to address long term strategies for the region. The report summarises the regional debate over maize market reform which is sometimes characterised as technocrats (with Finds little evidence for the educational impact of cash transfers This paper examines the educational effects of conditional cash transfers (CCT) for education. The study finds that based on the evidence reviewed in this paper, there is very limited support for the conclusion that CCTs are effective educational instruments, in particular with regards to their ability to increase learning. The study is based on reviews in Bangladesh, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Malawi, Mexico, and Nicaragua. The paper is structured in the following Impacts of land policy reform on women's rights in Malawi This study looks at the on-going land policy reform process in Malawi. This process is formalising customary rights to land by creating individually held land titles. The authors look at: the emerging market in land the impact of land reform on womens land rights (with special emphasis on the distinction between matrilineal and patrilineal inheritance systems that coexist in Malawi) the theoretical, political and empirical basis of the reforms The authors's find that: active Long term human resources for health plans needed in Global Fund proposals This article, from Human Resources for Health, explores how the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) addresses the challenges of a health workforce bottleneck to the successful implementation of priority disease programmes. The authors consider the possibilities for investment in human resources for health (HRH) in GFATM policy and review 35 GFATM proposals from five African countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania). The authors find that GFATM policy Alternative humanitarian assistance for food insecure southern Africa In response to predictions of an impending food crisis in southern Africa in 2005 - 2006, Oxfam deployed a relief response. As an alternative to emergency food aid, the agency undertook cash transfer schemes in both Malawi and Zambia. This paper presents an evaluation (undertaken in May/April 2006) of this endeavour, providing key lessons for the use of cash transfers in both short-term humanitarian crises and longer-term development programmes. The evaluation finds that, in both countries, the vast majority of Southern African experience and lessons in social safety net mechanisms Social protection is a relatively new concept in southern Africa. Regular, predictable and guaranteed transfers to the vulnerable in most countries have yet to be integrated into existing policies safeguarding lives following livelihood shocks such as drought and conflict. This study reviews existing knowledge of social protection practices and lessons in Lesotho, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Swaziland. Although numerous advancements have been made in the thinking and practice of social protection in this What lessons can be learnt from the decentralisation of the Malawian Agricultural Ministry? The government of Malawi instigated a decentralisation programme in 2001 which involved devolving power and resources to local assemblies, with the District Assembly level playing a paramount role. This report focuses on the decentralisation process in the agricultural sector in the context of national decentralisation policies and programmes. The implementation process granted the Ministry of Agriculture the power to influence the devolving of their own powers, functions and responsibilities to HIV/AIDS, livelihoods and poverty in Malawi This report analyses the impact of HIV/AIDS on peoples livelihoods in Malawi and on the overall socio-economic development of the country. Given the complex interplay between economic and non-economic factors in dealing with the long-term consequences of HIV/AIDS on economic growth and poverty, the report focuses on a few mitigating and aggravating factors, indicating how Malawi can cope with the consequences. The mitigating factors include: knowledge about the disease and Impacts of PRGF on social services in Ethiopia, Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania The Poverty Reduction Growth Facility (PGRF) consists of a series of targets designed to encourage transformation in the economies and policies of the participating countries, with a view of promoting macroeconomic stability, economic growth and poverty reduction with a six year framework. This research paper assess the impact of the PGRF on social services in Ethiopia, Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania. The studies focused on intermediate outcomes, i.e., the nature of the PRGF strategy and policy framework under-pinning What improvements in information and operational procedures are needed to enhance response to food security crises? The paper suggests that nutritional monitoring needs to be complemented by information on the sustainability of household coping behaviour. Unfortunately, very little such information has become publicly available. Food prices and market impacts varied widely across the region. Malawi created a major problem of oversupply, whilst in Zambia the private sector imported substantial quantities of grain when needed. Mozambique provides evidence that private sector import can happen on a regular basis Achievements in the Malawian health, education and water sectors This report, prepared jointly by the National Statistical Office in Malawi and Statistics Norway, establishes a system to analyse resource-related poverty alleviation efforts. It enables the reader to follow sector-specific policy decisions from their inception through to the success or failure of their implementation. Data presented are selected to provide information for indicators of the Malawi poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP) and the millennium development goal (MDG) indicators and resources which Combining statistical methods and participatory approaches to produce statistics in Malawi Based on two of six studies carried out in Malawi in 1999-2002 to evaluate a program that distributed free agricultural inputs to smallholder farmers, the paper discusses how statistical methods and participatory approaches can be integrated into a methodology that allows the estimation of statistics such as population total and proportions. The methodology developed by the authors differs from other participatory approaches used elsewhere in that the numerical data (statistics) produced in Malawi using participatory Participation in social fund management in Malawi and Zambia The paper examines community participation in social funds projects in Malawi and Zambia, and at the participatory processes through which the funds are dispersed. The authors find that: the Zambia and Malawi social funds have been able to implement a number of sub-projects that have spread resources across the respective countries through community- based demand driven models. while the ideal is that sub-project identification results form collective decision-making, in reality, it is usually an Education supports democratic governance in Malawi This paper explores the effect of education on understandings of and support for democratic government in Malawi - paying particular attention to the consequences of primary schooling, which remains the modal experience of Malawian voters. The study indicates that primary schooling promotes citizen endorsement of democracy and rejection of non- democratic alternatives even when it has taken place under authoritarian rule, without explicit civic education. It finds that the educated not only support Is there still a future for Poverty Reduction Strategies in Malawi, Nicaragua and Vietnam? This paper looks at the treatment of rural productive sectors in Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) for three countries, focussing particularly on agriculture and to a lesser degree forestry, fisheries and tourism. Based on the premise that agriculture and other rural productive sectors will play a major role in poverty reduction, it is assumed that first- generation PRSs have not given adequate treatment to rural productive sectors. The three countries chosen for the study are Malawi, Nicaragua and Vietnam. These

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